MAGI Calculator: Modified Adjusted Gross Income
Calculate your Modified Adjusted Gross Income (MAGI) to determine Roth IRA eligibility, ACA premium subsidies, and Medicare IRMAA surcharges.
Federal Income Tax Guide HubMAGI Calculator
Enter your income sources and deductions below to calculate your Modified Adjusted Gross Income and see how it affects your Roth IRA eligibility, ACA premium tax credits, and Medicare surcharges.
Add-Backs to AGI
Your Modified Adjusted Gross Income
$0
Roth IRA Contribution
Fully Eligible — up to $7,000/year ($8,000 if 50+)
Phase-out: $150,000–$165,000
ACA Premium Tax Credit
Likely Eligible for premium tax credit
Threshold: ~$62,000 (400% FPL est.)
Medicare IRMAA (Part B)
No surcharge applies
Surcharge starts at $106,000
Traditional IRA Deductibility
Fully Deductible (if covered by workplace plan)
Phase-out: $79,000–$89,000
For informational purposes only. MAGI calculations vary by benefit. Consult a tax professional.
What Is MAGI and Why Does It Matter?
Your Modified Adjusted Gross Income (MAGI) is your Adjusted Gross Income (AGI) with certain deductions added back. It sounds simple, but it's one of the most consequential numbers on your tax return — it determines whether you can contribute to a Roth IRA, how large your ACA premium subsidy is, and whether you'll pay Medicare IRMAA surcharges.
For a complete explanation of MAGI and strategies to reduce it, see: What Is MAGI and Why It Matters for Your Taxes.
AGI vs. MAGI: The Key Difference
AGI (Adjusted Gross Income) is your total gross income minus specific "above-the-line" deductions: 401(k) contributions, HSA contributions, student loan interest, alimony (pre-2019), half of self-employment tax, and others.
MAGI starts with your AGI and adds back certain deductions that Congress decided shouldn't reduce your income for specific purposes. The add-backs vary depending on which benefit you're calculating MAGI for.
The Common MAGI Add-Backs
Most MAGI calculations require adding these items back to your AGI:
| Add-Back Item | Why It's Added Back |
|---|---|
| Student loan interest deduction | To prevent income-based phase-outs from stacking |
| Traditional IRA deduction | Keeps the Roth phase-out from favoring IRA contributors |
| Passive activity losses (rental) | Prevents losses from artificially reducing income |
| Tuition and fees deduction | Prevents abuse of income-based rules |
| Foreign earned income exclusion | Includes worldwide income for US benefit calculations |
| Tax-exempt Social Security benefits | Captures all economic income |
| Tax-exempt interest income | Municipal bond interest added back for certain rules |
Important: Different rules use slightly different MAGI formulas. Your Roth IRA MAGI, your ACA MAGI, and your Medicare MAGI can all be slightly different numbers.
Roth IRA Eligibility by MAGI
Your ability to contribute directly to a Roth IRA phases out based on MAGI. For 2026:
| Filing Status | Phase-Out Begins | Phase-Out Ends | Contribution Allowed |
|---|---|---|---|
| Single / HOH | $150,000 | $165,000 | Partial then zero |
| Married Filing Jointly | $236,000 | $246,000 | Partial then zero |
| Married Filing Separately | $0 | $10,000 | Very limited |
Within the phase-out range, your maximum contribution is reduced proportionally. Above the upper limit, you can't contribute to a Roth IRA directly at all — but you can use the backdoor Roth strategy (contribute to a traditional IRA, then convert). See our Backdoor Roth Calculator for details.
Roth MAGI for 2026 adds back: student loan interest, IRA deduction, tuition deduction, foreign income exclusion, and domestic production activities deduction (if applicable).
ACA Premium Tax Credit and MAGI
The Affordable Care Act premium tax credit is based on your household MAGI relative to the Federal Poverty Level (FPL). If your MAGI is below 400% of FPL, you qualify for premium subsidies; above that threshold is the "subsidy cliff."
Approximate 2026 thresholds:
| Household Size | 100% FPL | 400% FPL (Subsidy Cliff) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 person | ~$15,060 | ~$60,240 |
| 2 people | ~$20,440 | ~$81,760 |
| 4 people | ~$31,200 | ~$124,800 |
At exactly 400% FPL your subsidy drops to $0. This is the ACA subsidy cliff — crossing it by even $1 can cost thousands of dollars in premium subsidies.
ACA MAGI is generally your regular AGI plus tax-exempt Social Security benefits and tax-exempt interest — a simpler calculation than other MAGI formulas.
Medicare IRMAA Surcharges
If your MAGI (from two years ago) exceeds certain thresholds, you pay higher Medicare Part B and Part D premiums. These surcharges are called Income-Related Monthly Adjustment Amounts (IRMAA).
Medicare uses a two-year lookback — your 2026 Medicare premiums are based on your 2024 tax return.
| 2024 MAGI (Single) | 2024 MAGI (MFJ) | Additional Monthly Part B Cost |
|---|---|---|
| Up to $106,000 | Up to $212,000 | $0 (standard premium) |
| $106,001 – $133,000 | $212,001 – $266,000 | +$70.00/mo |
| $133,001 – $167,000 | $266,001 – $334,000 | +$176.60/mo |
| $167,001 – $200,000 | $334,001 – $400,000 | +$283.20/mo |
| $200,001 – $500,000 | $400,001 – $750,000 | +$389.80/mo |
| Over $500,000 | Over $750,000 | +$426.10/mo |
Medicare MAGI is your AGI plus tax-exempt interest income — one of the simpler formulas.
Traditional IRA Deductibility
If you're covered by a workplace retirement plan (like a 401k), your ability to deduct traditional IRA contributions phases out based on MAGI. If you're not covered by a workplace plan, you can deduct IRA contributions at any income level.
| Filing Status | Phase-Out Range (2026) |
|---|---|
| Single (covered by workplace plan) | $79,000 – $89,000 |
| MFJ (covered by workplace plan) | $126,000 – $146,000 |
| MFJ (spouse covered; you're not) | $236,000 – $246,000 |
Above the phase-out range, your IRA contribution is non-deductible — making a Roth IRA or backdoor Roth a better option.
Child Tax Credit Phase-Out
The Child Tax Credit ($2,200 per qualifying child in 2026) begins phasing out at:
- $200,000 MAGI for single filers
- $400,000 MAGI for married filing jointly
The credit is reduced by $50 for every $1,000 of MAGI above these thresholds.
Strategies to Lower Your MAGI
Reducing your MAGI can unlock Roth IRA eligibility, preserve ACA subsidies, and avoid IRMAA surcharges:
- Maximize pre-tax 401(k) contributions — every dollar contributed reduces your MAGI dollar-for-dollar
- Contribute to an HSA — health savings account contributions are above-the-line deductions that reduce MAGI
- Harvest investment losses — capital losses reduce your taxable income and AGI
- Time income and deductions — defer income to future years or accelerate deductions into the current year
- Use a Health FSA — employer-sponsored FSA contributions reduce your W-2 income
See Roth Conversion Calculator to model conversions that stay within your optimal MAGI range.
Related tools: What Is MAGI and Why It Matters | Roth Conversion Calculator | Backdoor Roth Calculator