IRA Withdrawal Tax Calculator

Enter your IRA type, age, withdrawal amount, and other income to estimate federal tax, state tax, and any early-withdrawal penalty, and see how much of the withdrawal you actually keep.

The short answer: a traditional IRA withdrawal is taxed as ordinary income at your federal and state rates. If you're under 59½, you generally owe a 10% additional tax too, unless an exception applies (25% for SIMPLE IRAs in the first two years). Roth IRA contributions come out tax- and penalty-free at any age, and Roth earnings are tax-free once the distribution is qualified. A 45-year-old single filer with $50,000 of other income who takes $20,000 from a traditional IRA in 2026 keeps about $14,250 after federal tax, the penalty, and a 5% state tax.

This calculator is for informational purposes only, and its results are estimates, not tax advice.

For the full rulebook, read IRA withdrawal tax rules, penalties, and exceptions.

What each input means

How the calculator works

1. Taxable amount. Traditional, SEP, and SIMPLE withdrawals are taxable except for the share of nondeductible basis under the pro-rata rule: basis ÷ (year-end balance + withdrawals), as on Form 8606. For a Roth IRA, a qualified distribution (59½ or older and five years since your first contribution) is tax-free; otherwise the taxable part is the withdrawal minus your contribution basis.
2. Penalty. Under 59½: 25% of the taxable part of a SIMPLE IRA withdrawal within the first two years of participation; otherwise 10% of the taxable amount.
3. Federal tax. The tool computes 2026 tax on your other income with and without the withdrawal. Deductions include the standard deduction, the extra $2,050 (single or head of household) or $1,650 per spouse for anyone 65 or older, and the senior deduction of up to $6,000 per person 65 or older, which phases out by 6% of modified AGI above $75,000 ($150,000 joint). The difference is the tax caused by the withdrawal, so it captures any jump into a higher bracket and any senior deduction the withdrawal phases out.
4. State tax. Taxable amount × your state rate. Without an override the tool uses the state's top marginal rate, which overstates the tax for most incomes in states with graduated brackets (New York's 10.9% top rate starts at $25 million). Illinois is set to $0 because it subtracts IRA distributions, and Pennsylvania is $0 at 59½ or older because it doesn't tax IRA distributions after retirement.
5. Net received = withdrawal − federal tax − penalty − state tax.

Simplifications to keep in mind:

• It doesn't apply penalty exceptions; set your age to 60 to see the result without the 10% if you know an exception applies.
• It treats all other income as ordinary income, so qualified dividends and long-term gains taxed at lower rates aren't separated out.
• For a Roth, it doesn't track conversions, which come out after contributions and carry their own five-year penalty clock.
• Local income taxes, such as New York City's, aren't included.

Worked example 1: early traditional IRA withdrawal

A 45-year-old single filer earns $50,000 and withdraws $20,000 from a traditional IRA in 2026. No exception applies. State tax is a flat 5% (illustrative).

• Taxable income before: $50,000 − $16,100 = $33,900
• Taxable income after: $53,900
• Federal tax on the withdrawal: $16,500 × 12% ($1,980) + $3,500 × 22% ($770) = $2,750
• 10% additional tax: $2,000
• State tax: $1,000
• Total cost: $5,750, or 28.75% of the withdrawal
• Net received: $14,250

Worked example 2: Roth IRA withdrawal before 59½

A 40-year-old has a Roth IRA worth $30,000, built from $20,000 of contributions and $10,000 of earnings, with no conversions. They withdraw $25,000.

• First $20,000: return of contributions → tax-free, no penalty
• Next $5,000: earnings → taxable, plus 10%
• In the 22% bracket: $1,100 federal tax + $500 penalty = $1,600

Taking only $20,000 would have cost nothing. That ordering, with contributions first, then conversions, then earnings, is why Roth contributions double as a backup emergency fund.

Worked example 3: a retired couple

A married couple, both 66, has $60,000 of other taxable income and withdraws $40,000 from a traditional IRA. No penalty applies.

• Using only the $32,200 standard deduction, the tax on the withdrawal would be $4,800 (all in the 12% bracket).
• With both spouses' ages entered, the calculator uses their full 2026 deductions: $32,200 + $1,650 × 2 for age 65+ = $35,500, plus the senior deduction of $6,000 each, since their MAGI of $100,000 is below the $150,000 phase-out start. Total: $47,500.
• Taxable income before the withdrawal: $12,500; after: $52,500
• Federal tax on the withdrawal: $12,300 × 10% + $27,700 × 12% = $4,554, which is what the calculator shows

Use the senior deduction calculator to check your own figure.

Exceptions to the 10% additional tax

These come from IRS Publication 590-B. Income tax still applies to pre-tax money.

The $10,500 domestic abuse limit for 2026 is from IRS Notice 2025-67. The emergency, domestic abuse, terminal illness, and birth or adoption distributions can generally be repaid to the IRA, which can recover the income tax already paid. If you qualify for an exception, claim it on Form 5329.

SIMPLE IRAs: the 25% two-year rule

During the first two years after you start participating in your employer's SIMPLE IRA plan, an early withdrawal triggers a 25% additional tax instead of 10%. A $10,000 withdrawal at 22% would cost $2,200 of income tax plus $2,500 in penalty, keeping just $5,300. Moving SIMPLE money to anything other than another SIMPLE IRA during those two years is treated the same way. Enter the years in the SIMPLE plan to see the effect.

Withholding and your final bill

IRA custodians withhold 10% for federal tax by default on distributions paid to you, and you can elect a different rate or none. That's often too little: in Example 1, the true federal cost was $4,750 (tax plus penalty), but default withholding would cover only $2,000. Request a higher rate on Form W-4R when you ask for the distribution, or make an estimated payment with Form 1040-ES, to avoid a balance due and an underpayment penalty.

Required minimum distributions

Traditional, SEP, and SIMPLE IRA owners must start RMDs at 73 (75 if born in 1960 or later). The RMD calculator divides your prior year-end balance by your IRS factor and shows the deadline. Missing an RMD triggers a 25% excise tax on the shortfall, reduced to 10% if corrected within two years. Roth IRA owners have no RMDs during their lifetime.

If you're 70½ or older, a qualified charitable distribution sends up to $111,000 in 2026 directly from your IRA to charity, counts toward your RMD, and stays out of AGI.

How withdrawals interact with other taxes

• Social Security: IRA withdrawals raise provisional income, which can make up to 85% of your benefits taxable. Check with the taxable Social Security calculator.
• Medicare premiums: higher income can trigger IRMAA surcharges two years later.
• Capital gains: extra ordinary income can push long-term gains out of the 0% bracket.
• State tax: most states tax IRA withdrawals, but some exclude retirement income. Illinois, for example, doesn't tax IRA distributions, and several states exempt part of retirement income for older residents.

Ways to cut the tax on a withdrawal

• Spread withdrawals across tax years to stay in a lower bracket.
• Withdraw in low-income years, such as between retirement and Social Security.
• Convert to Roth in those years to shrink future RMDs; the Roth conversion calculator shows the cost.
• Use Roth contributions first for short-term needs before 59½.
• Check for an exception before you withdraw, and keep the paperwork (receipts, a closing statement, or a physician's certification) in case the IRS asks.

If you're withdrawing because you left a job, compare a withdrawal against a rollover in the 401(k) rollover calculator. If you put too much into a Roth IRA, see the excess Roth IRA contribution calculator.